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Writer's picturePatrick Murtha

Navigating the Tax Implications of Small Business Loans


small business loans

Offering potential for growth and sustainability, small business loans can be a valuable lifeline for entrepreneurs. These loans can provide the necessary capital to start, maintain or expand operations, but it’s essential to understand the potential tax implications.


Like personal loans, small business loans are not considered taxable income because you are required to repay the borrowed amount. They do not increase the business’ net worth and are not subject to income tax. However, if the loan is forgiven, the forgiven amount may be considered taxable income.


Interest paid on small business loans are generally tax-deductible and may reduce the overall taxable income of the business. The loan must be used for qualified business expenses, such as purchasing equipment, inventory or other operating costs. Businesses that use the accrual method of accounting can deduct interest as it accrues. Those that use the cash method can deduct interest as it is paid.


Businesses obtaining loans may also incur additional fees, such as origination fees, application fees and legal fees. These costs are typically deductible through one of the following methods:

  • Amortization: Some loan-related costs may need to be amortized over the life of the loan rather than deducted in the year they are incurred.

  • Direct Expense: Other fees may be deductible as a direct business expense in the year they are paid.


Principal repayment is not deductible and does not have direct tax implications. However, the interest portion of each payment can be deducted as a business expense and reduce taxable income. Unlike mortgage interest, lenders are not required to send Form 1098 to the borrower for business loans, however most lenders will provide a year-end summary. This summary details the interest paid and should be reported as business expenses on their tax return.


Practical Tips for Business Owners

  • Maintain documentation of loan agreements, fund usage, and repayment schedules.

  • Be clear on the terms of the loan to anticipate potential tax impacts. This includes repayment schedules and any conditions for loan forgiveness.

  • Tax laws can be complex and subject to change. A tax professional can provide tailored advice and help navigate the intricacies of small business loan taxation.


Small business loans are a valuable resource for the growth and stability of a business. Keeping detailed records and consulting with a tax professional can help business owners to optimize their tax outcomes and ensure compliance with relevant tax laws.

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